When maladaptive thinking and behavior leads to problems that have become entrenched, rigid, and chronic, Schema therapy provides a valuable model that addresses long-standing, difficult life patterns. These patterns, known as “schemas,” are the key element to the theory developed by Dr. Jeffrey Young. Schemas represent a style of problematic interaction that begins in childhood and continues throughout life. Schemas become an emotional blueprint for living that result from unmet core emotional needs in childhood. The core needs of secure attachments- especially feeling safe; autonomy and functioning independently; freedom to express valid needs and emotions; the ability to be spontaneous and play; and, having realistic limits and self-control. Schemas are experienced as moment-to-moment emotional states and coping responses that are triggered by connections to difficult life situations, past and present, and include some type of overcompensation, avoidance, or surrender. These reactions parallel all living organisms’ basic biological responses of fight, flight, and freeze when danger is perceived. These maladaptive responses are acted out, outside of our full awareness, in order to gain approval, maintain emotional connection, or avoid retaliation, rather than being a healthy expression of one’s own needs and feelings. Schema therapy provides the opportunity to gain a sense of direction in a maze of unfulfilling, unproductive thoughts and behaviors.
